Where do Astrophysics, Quantum Biology, The Search For Extraterrestrial Intelligence and Mitochondria Meet? Right on the line... The Hydrogen Line.
Unveiling the Astounding Parallels Between the 21 cm Hydrogen Line and Mitochondrial Dynamics
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Explore the enthralling intersection of astrophysics and biochemistry in our latest essay, 'Quantum Journeys in Biology: Unveiling the Astounding Parallels Between the 21 cm Hydrogen Line and Mitochondrial Dynamics.' Delve into the heart of cellular energy production, where the complex quantum mechanics of the mitochondrial electron transport chain mirrors the intriguing phenomena behind the 21 cm hydrogen line in space. This comprehensive piece unveils the surprising similarities between cosmic radio emissions and the fundamental processes powering life at the cellular level. Perfect for science enthusiasts, researchers, and students alike, our essay sheds light on the profound connections between the vast universe and the microscopic intricacies of life, offering a unique perspective on the universal language of quantum mechanics. Discover how understanding these fundamental particles and energy transfers deepens our knowledge of the cosmos and unravels the mysteries of biological function and vitality.
In my previous short prelude article, we briefly discussed how protons govern bioelectricity and power organic biomechanisms, not electrons —as in your toaster or other more common forms of powered inanimate objects.
See the article HERE.
That is a bit disingenuous since the electron transport chain in mitochondria passes along an electric charge like a hot potato-style game you did as a kid. This electron passing down the chain (or up the chain? —more on that in a later article) helps to create the electric gradient by which the protons are pumped. These protons build up over the dam-like inner membrane, and the ‘pressure’ of that build-up allows them to pass through, ‘down’ the concentration gradient through the biomolecular turbine that is the dynamo of the ATP-Synthase molecule, turning the molecule, and that…is where the miracle happens… that is how the sausage gets made… that is where the biological fun gets started.
You get the point.
See THIS ‘fun’ animation (yeah, nerd) for an overview of the electron transport chain and the ATP-Synthase dynamo working together.
See THIS animation for a more in-depth animation of the ATP-Synthase molecule.
But what about the clickbaity article headline and the whole S.E.T.I. angle, you say?
We have to walk before we run, so to speak.
The hydrogen line, and how it pertains to the proton, as a carrier of charge and the proponent of bioelectricity, mostly because it carries charge AND ALSO transmits information in the form of confirmational change to proteins and membranes, etc (see my previous essay).
Isn’t it ironic then, and also very interesting that the hydrogen line (proton line) is the line that, when discovered, helped us understand the form/shape of the galaxy and is also proposed as the vehicle through which interstellar communication (information/message) by other civilizations would be carried.
I find this level of ‘universal synchronicity’ exciting; even if scientifically proven to be a meaningless coincidence and uncorrelated, I still find it extremely interesting in broad strokes, regarding the grand meaning and design of the universe.
The realms of astrophysics and biochemistry, at first glance, appear worlds apart. However, the 21-centimeter hydrogen line – a cornerstone in astrophysics – and the intricate processes of mitochondrial dynamics in biochemistry share profound connections as I’ll highlight below, both underpinned by the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics and the behavior of subatomic particles.
This essay delves into these interconnections, exploring how the study of distant galaxies through the hydrogen line parallels our understanding of life's cellular powerhouses –mitochondria.
So, What is this Hydrogen Line you speak of?
Hydrogen Line: An Astrophysical Phenomenon:
First observed in 1951, the 21-cm hydrogen line is a spectral phenomenon occurring due to the spin-flip transition of electrons in neutral hydrogen atoms (Wikipedia, 2023). This line has been instrumental in astrophysical research, aiding in mapping the structure and dynamics of galaxies. It exemplifies the quantum mechanical behavior of subatomic particles, particularly hydrogen/protons (and electrons), in a cosmic context (MDPI Universe, 2024).
Quantum Mechanics: The Link Between Astrophysics and Biology:
Quantum mechanics, governing the behavior of particles at the smallest scales, is the underlying principle behind the hydrogen line (Feynman Lectures on Physics). This same principle is pivotal in understanding mitochondrial dynamics, particularly the electron transport chain, a crucial component of cellular respiration (Britannica).
Mitochondria: Cellular Powerhouses:
Mitochondria, known as (saying it with me…) the powerhouses of the cell, generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through oxidative phosphorylation. The electron transport chain in mitochondria involves the transfer of electrons, underpinned by quantum mechanics, across a series of complexes, ultimately generating a proton gradient essential for ATP synthesis (Nature Communications, 2021).
The Proton Motive Force and the Quantum World:
The creation of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, known as the proton motive force (pmf), is central to ATP synthesis. This process, as proposed in recent research, may be significantly influenced by Transmembrane Electrostatically Localized Protons (TELP) (Scientific Reports, 2021). These localized protons suggest a more complex interaction within the mitochondrial membrane, akin to the quantum interactions observed in the hydrogen line.
Photobiomodulation: A Bridge Between Light and Mitochondrial Function:
The concept of Photobiomodulation (PBM), where specific light wavelengths stimulate mitochondrial function, notably in cytochrome c oxidase, draws parallels to the electromagnetic phenomena observed in astrophysics. PBM demonstrates how light can influence mitochondrial dynamics, enhancing electron transport and increasing membrane potential (Scientific Reports, 2017).
Mitochondria and Photons:
A major factor in mitochondrial dysfunction is reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which influence the mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk and the link with the epigenome, an influence that provides explanations for pathogenic (and non-pathogenic) mechanisms. Regarding these mechanisms, we should take into account that mitochondria produce the majority of ultra-weak photon emission (UPE), an aspect that is often ignored – this type of emission may serve as assay for ROS, thus providing new opportunities for a non-invasive diagnosis of mitochondrial dysfunction. (Van Wijk, et al, 2020). Yes, like other quantum systems, photons are emitted.
Thermotrophic Mitochondrial Function:
A groundbreaking aspect of mitochondrial function is its proposed thermotrophic feature, where mitochondria utilize environmental heat energy in addition to chemical energy (Scientific Reports, 2021). This concept challenges traditional views of mitochondrial energetics, introducing a new dimension where heat energy is converted into chemical energy, a process reminiscent of energy transformations in astrophysical phenomena, and the Infra-Red (IR) part of the electromagnetic spectrum that includes the visible and near-visible, Red and Near Infra-Red (NIR) light currently studied and used in the photobiomodulation experiments mentioned above.
Implications for Quantum Biology:
The insights into mitochondrial dynamics have profound implications for the field of quantum biology. We should also start seeing a theme emerging: the interactions of different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum (visible light/photons, Red, NIR, IR) with mitochondrial energetics and dynamics. Understanding these quantum mechanisms in biological systems bridges the gap between the vastness of cosmic phenomena and the intricate processes of life at a cellular level (Nature Communications, 2021). Could the effects initially seen as beneficial to depression patients from MRIs, leading to the subsequent study and use of repetititive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), and the application of Direct Current Stimulation (DCS) and even Electroconvulsive Therapies (ECT, be providing some (or all) of their effects by way of mitochondrial interactions?
Discussion and Insights:
The parallels between the hydrogen line and mitochondrial dynamics underscore the universality of quantum principles across different scales and disciplines. Like I have mentioned before, not too long ago, it was anathema to think that the wet and ‘large’ systems, like those found in biology, could have any quantum-level interactions. These interdisciplinary approachs now routinely open new avenues for exploring cellular bioenergetics, potentially leading to novel therapeutic strategies for diseases linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Conclusion:
In summary, the 21-centimeter hydrogen line and mitochondrial dynamics are intricately linked through the shared principles of quantum mechanics. Astounding, but those facts remain. These interconnections between astrophysics and biochemistry not only enhances our understanding of the universe and life at a cellular level but also pave the way for future discoveries at the intersection of these fascinating fields.
So, it seems that a reminder of the context of the previous article, tying it to this essay, could be beneficial: Electricity: charge is conveyed via the Electron and work can be done, but when the universe wants to do work AND convey information, as in Bio-Electricity, it chooses to use the Proton. In animate objects and everywhere else in the universe.
TheMindAndBodyDoc-Physician/Neuroscientist — @mindandbodydoc
I provide compassionate care for children (5 years & older), adolescents, adults & families struggling with nutritional, drug, & neuropsychiatric problems.
Teaching is always a privilege, and I’ve been afforded the privilege to teach at various medical schools (MD & DO), residency programs (Psychiatry, Neurology, Family Practice, and Internal Medicine), and universities; I have participated in clinical and basic science research in the past, and am currently on staff at a few hospitals, but primarily care for patients via telemedicine.
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References:
Wikipedia. (2023). Hydrogen line. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_line
The Feynman Lectures on Physics. (n.d.). The Hyperfine Splitting in Hydrogen. Retrieved from https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_12.html
MDPI Universe. (2024). Special Issue: Exploring the Universe with the Hydrogen 21 cm Line. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/journal/universe/special_issues/Hydrogen_21_cm_Line
Britannica. (n.d.). 21-centimeter radiation. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/21-centimetre-radiation
Nature Communications. (2021). Quantum biological electron transfer imaging in live cells. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-24736-w
Scientific Reports. (2021). Transmembrane electrostatically localized protons and mitochondrial thermotrophic function. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-94045-x
Scientific Reports. (2017). Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-08891-9
Van Wijk, et al, Front. Physiol., 08 July 2020. Sec. Mitochondrial Research. Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00717